Топик по английскому языку "The Olympic Games (1) - Олимпийские игры (1)". The Olympic Games
Уровень С. Классическое эссе
The Importance of the Olympic Games
People have been thinking about their health since the time immemorial. The main way to keep fit is going in for sports. That is why the Olympic Games, which have long history, were organized. And this year, Russia is honored to host the winter Olympic Games. So how will they affect us and our country?In my opinion, these Games will play a very important role in the history of the Russian Federation. First of all, we can show our hospitality, our traditions and our culture to people all over the world. I know that foreigners have some stereotypes about Russia, so these Games can break them. Secondly, it will be a great opportunity for our people to communicate and make more friends among guests from different countries. That will make our international relationships stronger.
But some people claim that holding Olympic Games is not a very good idea, because the country has to invest really a great deal of money to organize the ceremonies, build stadiums, hotels and Olympic Games objects and equipment for stadiums and athletic halls.
I strongly disagree with this opinion. I believe the more you give, the better results you will have. So this money will worth it.
In conclusion, I would like to say that Russia is famous for its hospitality and “a wide soul”. I believe that this event will help us become one big family, enjoy all this time and support our country in these important competitions.
Люди начали задумываться о своем здоровье с незапамятных лет. Основной путь поддержания себя в форме – это занятия спортом. Поэтому были организованы Олимпийские Игры, которые имеют свою длинную историю. В этом году, Россия удостоена чести принимать Зимние Олимпийские Игры у себя в гостях. Так как это повлияет на нас и нашу страну?
По моему мнению, эти игры сыграют огромную роль в истории Российской Федерации. В первую очередь, мы сможем показать нашу гостеприимность, наши традиции и нашу культуру людям со всего мира. Я знаю, что иностранцы имеют некоторые стереотипы о нашей стране, так что это событие поможет их разрушить. Во-вторых, это будет замечательной возможностью для нашего народа пообщаться с людьми из разных стран и завести себе друзей среди иностранцев. Это поможет нашим международным отношениям стать сильнее.
Но некоторые считают, что проведение Олимпийских игр не очень хорошая идея, так как государству следует вкладывать огромное количество денег в организацию. В строительство стадионов, гостиниц и различных Олимпийских объектов и оборудование для стадионов и манежей.
В заключение я бы хотела сказать, что Россия известна своей гостеприимность и «широкой душой». Я верю, что это событие поможет нам стать одним целым, насладиться этим временем и поддержать нашу сборную в этом сложном соревновании.
The Olympic Games have a very long history. They began in 777 ВС in Greece and took place every four years for nearly twelve centuries at Olympia. They included many different kinds of sports: running, boxing, wrestling, etc. All the cities in Greece sent their best athletes to Olympia to compete in the Games.
For the period of the Games all the wars stopped. So the Olympic Games became the symbol of peace and friendship. In 394 AD the Games were abolished and were not renewed until many centuries later.
In 1894 French Baron Pierre de Coubertin, addressed all the sports governing bodies and pointed out the significance of sport and its educational value.
Two years later the first modern Olympic Games took place. Of course, the competitions were held in Greece to symbolize the continuation of the centuries-old tradition.
In 1896 the International Olympic Committee was set up. It is the central policy-making body of the Olympic movement. It is formed by the representatives of all countries, which take part in the Olympic Games.
Summer and Winter Games are held separately.
Перевод топика: Олимпийские игры (1)
Олимпийские игры имеют очень длинную историю. Они начались в 777 г. до нашей эры в Греции и проводились каждые четыре года в течение приблизительно двенадцати столетий в Олимпии. Они включали в себя разные виды спорта: бег, бокс, борьбу и т. п. Все города Греции посылали своих лучших спортсменов в Олимпию для состязаний в играх.
В период игр все войны прекращались. Таким образом, Олимпийские игры стали символом мира и дружбы. В 394 г. нашей эры игры были отменены и не возобновлялись в течение многих веков.
В 1894 г. француз, барон Пьер де Кубертен, обратился ко всем руководящим спортивным органам и указал на важность спорта и его воспитательное значение.
Два года спустя были проведены первые современные Олимпийские игры. Конечно, соревнования проводились в Греции, чтобы символизировать продолжение вековой традиции.
В 1896 г. был создан Международный олимпийский комитет. Это главный орган, определяющий политику Олимпийского движения. В него входят представители всех стран, принимающих участие в Олимпийских играх.
Летние и зимние игры проводятся отдельно.
The Olympic Games are one of the most spectacular reminders of the debt we owe to the Greeks.
The original Olympic Games were held every four years in honour of Zeus, the supreme god of Greek religion. The first record of the games dates from 776 B.C., but it is certain that they existed prior to that. They were held continuously for over 1.000 years until they were abolished in the reign of King Theodosius about 392 A.D. The Olympic festival was a great unifying bond between the Independent city-states of Greece.
The important sports in the original Olympic Games were running, jumping, wrestling, throwing the discus and throwing the javelin. Only men competed and they wore no clothes in order to have greater freedom of movement. Each competitor had to take the Olympic Oath - a promise to behave in a sportsman-like fashion.
The modern Olympic era began in 1894 when Frenchman Baron Pierre de Coubertin decided to revive the ancient Greek tradition of celebrating health, youth and peace with a sports festival. Baron de Coubertin created the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the first modem Olympiad took place in Athens in 1896. Since then the Olympic Games have been held every four years with only two exceptions because of the two world wars.
Even though the modern Olympic Games embrace the whole world, the connection with Greece is still very strong. A lighted torch is brought all the way from Greece, carried by a relay of runners, in order to light the Olympic Flame which bums all through the Games. As in ancient Greek times, the competitors still take the Olympic Oath. The long-distance race is still called the Marathon. Marathon was a village about 26 miles from Athens. In the year 490 BC the Greeks defeated a powerful Persian army at that spot. After the fierce day"s fighting a soldier volunteered to bring news of the victory to the anxious citizens of Athens. He ran all the way and after gasping out the message. "Rejoice, we conquer!" he collapsed and died.
One important rule of the Olympic Games is that the competitors must be amateurs. This rule has been under a lot of pressure in recent years because modem sport is so professional and competitive. Athletes train for years to take part in the Olympics and some countries spend much more than others on equipment and facilities. But despite these pressures, the amateur rule remains.
In modern times the Olympic movement has become an enormous and expensive organisation, It"s controlled by the International Olympic Committee, which consists of members from all the participating countries. The IOC is based in Lausanne, Switzerland. It chooses the locations of both summer and winter games (both take place once very four years, with winter games half a year before summer Olympiads). It also controls the rules of the competitions and selects new Olympic sports. The famous flag of the IOC shows five rings of different colours linked together. The rings represent the five continents.
Olympic Games.
According to historical records, the first ancient Olympic Games can be traced back to 776 BC. They were dedicated to the Olympian gods and were staged on the ancient plains of Olympia. They continued for nearly 12 centuries, until Emperor Theodosius decreed in 393 A.D. that all such "pagan cults" be banned.
Olympia
Olympia, the site of the ancient Olympic Games, is in the western part of the Peloponnese which, according to Greek mythology, is the island of "Pelops", the founder of the Olympic Games. Imposing temples, votive buildings, elaborate shrines and ancient sporting facilities were combined in a site of unique natural and mystical beauty. Olympia functioned as a meeting place for worship and other religious and political practices as early as the 10th century B.C. The central part of Olympia was dominated by the majestic temple of Zeus, with the temple of Hera parallel to it.
The Games and religion
The Olympic Games were closely linked to the religious festivals of the cult of Zeus, but were not an integral part of a rite. Indeed, they had a secular character and aimed to show the physical qualities and evolution of the performances accomplished by young people, as well as encouraging good relations between the cities of Greece. According to specialists, the Olympic Games owed their purity and importance to religion.
Victory Ceremonies
The Olympic victor received his first awards immediately after the competition. Following the announcement of the winner"s name by the herald, a Hellanodikis (Greek judge) would place a palm branch in his hands, while the spectators cheered and threw flowers to him. Red ribbons were tied on his head and hands as a mark of victory.
The official award ceremony would take place on the last day of the Games, at the elevated vestibule of the temple of Zeus. In a loud voice, the herald would announce the name of the Olympic winner, his father"s name, and his homeland. Then, the Hellanodikis placed the sacred olive tree wreath, or kotinos, on the winner"s head.
Викторина по теме "Олимпийские игры" .
Olympic Games Quiz 1. How often are the Olympic Games held? Every year Every two years Every four years 2. How many rings are there in the Olympic Games symbol? four five 3. What do they represent? Countries of the world Continents of the world Cities of the world 4. When will the next Summer Olympics be held? 2012 2014 2016 5. Where will the next Winter Olympics be held? London Sochi Rio de Janeiro 6. Where were the first modern Olympics played? 1896 1900 1924 7. Who was the ‘inventor’ of the modern Olympic Games? Pierre de Coubertin Juan Antonio Samaranch Jacques Rogge 8. What do the sportsmen who come first, second and third win in the Olympics? Certificates Equipment Medals 9. Where are The International Olympic Committee based? France Switzerland Spain 10. How many people play in a Water Polo team? Five Seven. |
Summer olympic sports | Летние олимпийские виды спорта |
Archery | Стрельба из лука |
Artistic gymnastics | Художественная гимнастика |
Athletics | Лёгкая атлетика |
Badminton | Бадминтон |
Basketball | Баскетбол |
BMX (велоспорт) |
|
Boxing | Бокс |
Canoe/kayak (sprint) | Гребля на байдарках и каноэ (спринт) |
Diving | Прыжки в воду |
Dressage (Equestrian) | Выездка (конный спорт) |
Eventing (Equestrian) | Троеборье (конный спорт) |
Fencing | Фехтование |
Field hockey | Хоккей на траве |
Football | Футбол |
Freestyle (Wrestling) | Вольная борьба |
Greco-Roman (Wrestling) | Греко-римская борьба |
Judo | Дзюдо |
Jumping (Equestrian) | Конкур (конный спорт) |
Handball | Гандбол |
Modern pentathlon | Современное пятиборье |
Mountain biking | Маунтинбайк (велоспорт) |
Rhythmic gymnastics | Спортивная гимнастика |
Road cycling | Шоссейные гонки (велоспорт) |
Swimming | Плавание |
Synchronized swimming | Синхронное плавание |
Track cycling | Трековые гонки (велоспорт) |
Trampoline | Прыжки на батуте |
Volleyball (beach) | Пляжный волейбол |
Volleyball (indoor) | Волейбол |
Water polo | Водное поло |
Rowing | Академическая гребля |
Sailing | Парусный спорт |
Shooting | Стрельба |
Table tennis | Настольный теннис |
Taekwondo | Тхэквондо |
Tennis | Теннис |
Triathlon | Триатлон |
Weightlifting | Тяжёлая атлетика |
Winter olympic sports | Зимние олимпийские виды спорта |
Alpine skiing | Горнолыжный спорт |
Biathlon | Биатлон |
Bobsleigh | Бобслей |
Cross country skiing | Лыжные гонки |
Curling | Кёрлинг |
Figure skating | Фигурное катание |
Freestyle skiing | Фристайл (Лыжные виды спорта) |
Ice hockey | Хоккей |
Luge | Санный спорт |
Nordic combined | Лыжное двоеборье |
Short track speed skating | Шорт-трек (Коньковые виды спорта) |
Skeleton | Скелетон |
Ski jumping | Прыжки с трамплина |
Snowboarding | Сноубординг |
Speed skating | Конькобежный спорт |
Olympic vocabulary | Олимпийская лексика |
Amateur | Любитель |
Anthem | Гимн |
Banned | Запрещенный |
Broadcaster | Ведущий/диктор/комментатор |
Compete | Соревноваться |
Contestant | Участник соревнований |
Controversy | Разногласие |
Doping | Допинг |
Facilities | (Cпортивные) сооружения |
Fanfare | Фанфары |
Host | Страна-хозяйка Олимпиады |
Humanity | Человечество |
Medal | Медаль |
Motto | Девиз |
Nationality | Гражданство |
Oath | Клятва |
Participant | Участник |
Partisanship | Несправедливое судейство (обычно по политическим причинам) |
Postpone | Перенести (начало соревнований) |
Preliminaries | Предварительные соревнования |
Purity | Чистота |
Qualify | Пройти квалификацию на соответствие минимальным требованиям |
Representative | Представитель |
Security | Охранник |
Spectator | Зритель |
Sponsor | Спонсор |
Spokesman | Человек (часто - спортсмен), представляющий компанию на рынке или в СМИ |
Sportsmanship | Спортивный дух честности и справедливости |
Stamina | Выносливость |
Standings | Положение в турнирной таблице |
Substitute | Запасной игрок, выходящий на замену |
Swifter | Быстрее |
Symbol | Символ |
Torch | Факел |
Venue | Место проведения игр (спортивная площадка и т. д.) |
Victory | Победа |
The Olympic Games are known to us since the days of ancient Greece, whence came the expression - "in a healthy body - a healthy mind". The Greeks paid special attention to sports and loaded themselves with physical exertion in order to always be in good physical shape in case of military actions. Sports competitions, gladiator fights, chariot competitions began to take place in the Mount Olympus. Each participant demonstrated his dexterity, courage, strength, speed.
Later, with the advent of the Romans on the territory of Greece, the Olympic Games began to be held less and less, and at the beginning of the eighth century, the authorities declared them a pagan rite and banned.
In 1894, the International Congress of Sports decided new rules for the games and, in 1896, the Olympic Games began to be held again every four years. Later the International Olympic Committee was created which selected the city for each regular game. The goal of the Olympic Games was to give every athlete the opportunity to play for his country in fair competition.
The most famous symbol of the Olympic Games is the image of five interconnected rings. Rings represent the union of five continents.
In 1928, Amsterdam first lit the Olympic flame, as a symbol of the will to win. Since then, the fire is lit before the start of each game, and it burns to the very end.
Олимпийские игры известны нам ещё со времён Древней Греции, откуда пришло выражение - "в здоровом теле - здоровый дух". Греки уделяли особое внимание спорту и нагружали себя физическими нагрузками, чтобы на случай военных действий всегда быть в хорошей физической форме. На горе Олимп начали устраиваться спортивные состязания, бои гладиаторов, соревнования на колесницах. Каждый участник демонстрировал свою ловкость, смелость, силу, скорость.
Позже, с появлением римлян на территории Греции, Олимпийские игры стали проводиться все реже и реже, и в начале восьмого века власти объявили их языческим обрядом и запретили.
В 1894 году году Международный спортивный конгресс постановил новые правила проведения игр и с 1896 году Олимпийские игры начали проводиться вновь через каждые четыре года. Позже был создан Международный олимпийский комитет, который выбирал город для проведения каждых очередных игр. Целью Олимпийских игр являлось дать возможность каждому спортсмену выступить за свою страну в честных состязаниях.
Самым известным символом Олимпийских игр является изображение пяти колец соединённых между собой. Кольца представляют объединение пяти континентов.
В 1928 году в Амстердаме впервые зажегся Олимпийский огонь, как символ воли к победе. С тех пор огонь зажигают перед началом каждых игр, и он горит до самого их завершения.